The transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy is a global imperative. This transition presents challenges and opportunities for the hundreds of millions of people living in resource-rich countries. Countries dependent on oil and gas must adapt their model of economic governance to manage their resources more effectively and become more resilient to global changes that threaten to leave citizens behind. Some mineral producers could benefit from a growth in demand for the minerals needed to feed a global expansion of wind, solar and electric vehicle technologies. But without strong attention to good governance and strategic policy, these countries risk repeating the mistakes of past mineral booms, and in so doing create bottlenecks to the expansion of clean technology.

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