This is one in a series of case studies that illustrates the principles of the Natural Resource Charter.

After a decade of private investment in the mining sector, the Tanzanian government reacted to persistently low revenue collection by investing resources in auditing capacity. It created the Tanzania Mineral Audit Agency, an autonomous agency, under the Ministry of Energy and Minerals in 2009. This case study analyzes the role, structure and composition of the agency, and discusses the outcomes in terms of revenue collection and government effectiveness.