Researchers examined 52 oil- and mineral-backed loans from China, commodity traders and other lenders to sub-Saharan African and Latin American countries. The analysis of the loans, which totaled $164 billion between 2004 and 2018, has exposed clear risks and opportunities that come with this type of borrowing mechanism.  

This report explores common resource governance successes and challenges in sub-Saharan Africa. The authors conclude that policymakers, parliamentarians, civil society, media and regional institutions must focus on narrowing the implementation gap between extractive sector laws and actual practice, which will help to restore trust between government, communities and investors and thus strengthen sustainable management of natural resources. 

  

   

   

   

Fiscal rules—permanent quantitative constraints on government finances—are an important tool to help mitigate the macroeconomic challenges associated with managing natural resource revenues. This paper sheds light on large gaps in compliance and oversight of fiscal rules, and provides policy recommendations on how fiscal rules can be further strengthened.

Oversight actors can detect and prevent corruption in the oil, gas and mining sectors if they ask the right questions. Corruption schemes can be complex and opaque, yet clear patterns and similar signs of problematic behavior do exist across resource-rich countries.